煙草在線據(jù)《煙業(yè)通訊》報道編譯 據(jù)《MTI經(jīng)濟新聞》引用匈牙利反對黨社會黨議員Csaba Toth的話報道說,在只允許獲得經(jīng)營許可證的國有煙店出售卷煙的新法5月生效后,匈牙利一些村莊的吸煙者在當?shù)貙]有購買卷煙的途徑了。
正如4月3日報道的那樣,匈牙利國會在2012年9月批準了從2013年7月1日開始,對煙草產(chǎn)品的零售建立國家壟斷的法律。
負責監(jiān)督建立煙草產(chǎn)品零售國家壟斷的匈牙利國家煙草貿(mào)易非營利組織說,到初始投標中規(guī)定的最后期限2月22日時,已經(jīng)提交的煙草零售申請為15633份。
不過,在1417個村莊里,沒有申請?zhí)峤?。因此進行了新的招標。
Csaba Toth說,由于新一輪招標的中標者將在4月23日宣布,因此,這些商店還有足夠的時間一直開門經(jīng)營到5月1日的最后期限為止,之后,就只有獲得經(jīng)營許可證的煙草商店才可以出售卷煙了。
他補充說,這將會鼓勵黑市的貿(mào)易,導致消費稅收入減少。
評論:
一般來說,在任何行業(yè)內(nèi),自由競爭的開放市場都比高度壟斷的市場要更有活力,也更利于市場的發(fā)展。為了打破壟斷,政府也會退出市場,不對市場進行過多干預(yù)。然而,煙草行業(yè)卻是一個特例,由于煙草產(chǎn)品被公認為對人體有害,但是同時煙草產(chǎn)品也是合法產(chǎn)品,因此,煙草業(yè)面臨著合法但不符合企業(yè)倫理的一個道德困境,而政府也會出于公眾利益考慮,限制煙草業(yè)的自由宣傳和銷售,于是就可能出現(xiàn)政府對銷售終端的壟斷。我們不能簡單地去評論開放或壟斷哪種市場更好,而是應(yīng)該綜合考慮,只要能達到預(yù)期的目的,就是最好的選擇。
Hungary Moves from Open Market to Monopoly to Zeropoly
Smokers in some Hungarian villages will not have local access to cigarettes after a new law allowing only state-licensed tobacconists to sell cigarettes comes into effect in May, according to an MTI-EcoNews story quoting the opposition Socialist lawmaker, Csaba Toth.
As was reported here on April 3, the country's parliament adopted legislation in September last year for the establishment of a state monopoly of the retail sale of tobacco products on July 1, 2013.
The National Tobacco Trade Non-profit, which is overseeing the establishment of the monopoly, said that 15,633 applications for the retail sale of tobacco had been submitted by the February 22 deadline stipulated in the initial tender.
No applications were submitted in the case of 1,417 villages, however; so new tenders have been invited.
But since the winners of the new round of tenders would be announced only on April 23, said Toth, there would not be enough time for the shops to open on May 1, the deadline after which only licensed tobacconists may sell cigarettes.
This would encourage black market trading and result in a drop in excise tax revenues, he added. Enditem
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