煙草在線(xiàn)據(jù)VERA文件編譯　　根據(jù)2009年菲律賓全球成人煙草調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)，15歲以上的菲律賓人，有大約28.3%，也就是1730多萬(wàn)人吸煙。

　　由于人口的增加，菲律賓現(xiàn)在的吸煙率更高了，使得該國(guó)成為世界第15大卷煙消費(fèi)國(guó)。

　　盡管有罪惡稅法律，現(xiàn)在煙草產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)稅高達(dá)25比索，但是這里的卷煙價(jià)格與其它國(guó)家相比仍然很低，大約為50比索。新加坡每盒卷煙的平均價(jià)格相當(dāng)于400比索，而在文萊則禁止卷煙銷(xiāo)售。

　　使得卷煙價(jià)格甚至能被較低收入階層的人接受的另一個(gè)因素是零售系統(tǒng)。某些省每支卷煙的價(jià)格低至3比索，這是抑制饑餓感更省錢(qián)的一種方式。

　　禁煙法規(guī)的實(shí)施寬松，以及煙盒上缺乏關(guān)于吸煙危害的圖片警語(yǔ)，都未能幫助人們戒煙。它們也沒(méi)有阻止非吸煙者染上這一惡習(xí)。

　　菲律賓健康倡導(dǎo)者們?cè)鴱?qiáng)烈要求實(shí)行圖片警語(yǔ)，但他們的努力受到了強(qiáng)大的煙草游說(shuō)力量的阻礙。反煙倡導(dǎo)者說(shuō)，這反映了煙草行業(yè)對(duì)公共政策的影響程度。

　　由東南亞控?zé)熉?lián)盟（SEATCA）公布的2014年煙草業(yè)干擾指數(shù)顯示，菲律賓煙草業(yè)參與政策制定的程度在進(jìn)行調(diào)查的其他七個(gè)國(guó)家中是最高的。

　　菲律賓的得分甚至高于印尼，根據(jù)2011年在印尼所作的調(diào)查，印尼15歲以上的男性中將近70%的人吸煙。

　　東南亞控?zé)熉?lián)盟的高級(jí)政策顧問(wèn)瑪麗（Mary Assunta）說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)闊煵菪袠I(yè)的代表有制度化的論壇，他們讓政府參與，然后影響政策的制定。此外，作為企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的一部分，推廣活動(dòng)使煙草公司基本上繞過(guò)了廣告禁令。

　　瑪麗說(shuō)：“這一指數(shù)使我們看清楚了干擾所在。我們提醒這些國(guó)家，他們需要加緊努力，公開(kāi)他們與煙草業(yè)的所有互動(dòng)、提高透明度、停止接受煙草業(yè)的捐助，并且禁止煙草業(yè)的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任活動(dòng)?！?/p>

　　東南亞國(guó)家協(xié)會(huì)有大約1.27億煙民，占全球吸煙人數(shù)的10%。

　　對(duì)抗一個(gè)數(shù)十億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)是非常困難的。而社會(huì)知名人士——包括總統(tǒng)不加掩飾地吸煙間接地為吸煙作了宣傳——使得控?zé)煿ぷ鞲永щy。

Philippines Still A Smoker's Heaven

　　Some 28.3 percent or about 17.3 million Filipinos aged 15 years and older smoke，according to the 2009 Philippine Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

　　The prevalence of smoking is even higher now due to the increase in population，making the country the 15th largest consumer of cigarettes in the world.

　　Despite the Sin Tax Law，which now imposes as much as P25 in excise taxes on tobacco products，the price of cigarettes here is still low at around P50 compared to other countries. The average price of a pack in Singapore is equivalent to P400 while the sale of cigarettes is banned in Brunei.

　　Another factor that makes cigarettes affordable even to the lower economic class is the retail system. A stick of cigarette costs as little as P3 in the provinces and thus a more cost-effective way to curb hunger pangs.

　　The lax implementation of smoking regulations and the absence of graphic warnings in cigarette packages on the dangers of smoking are not helping to stop the dangerous habit. Neither do they discourage non-smokers from picking up the vice.

　　Philippine health advocates have pushed for the picture warnings but their efforts have been stymied by the powerful tobacco lobby. This demonstrates the extent of the tobacco industry's influence over public policy，say anti-smoking advocates.

　　The 2014 Tobacco Industry Interference Index released by the Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA) shows that the level of tobacco industry participation in policy development is the highest among seven other countries surveyed.

　　The Philippines scored even higher than Indonesia，where nearly 70 per cent of all males over age15 smoke，according to a 2011 survey in the country.

　　SEATCA senior policy advisor Mary Assunta said this is because tobacco industry representatives have an institutionalized forum where they engage government and subsequently influence policy. Additionally，outreach programs as part of corporate social responsibility allow tobacco companies to basically skirt the prohibition against advertisements.

　　"This index shines a light on where the interferences are，" Assunta said. "We are alerting countries that they need to step up their efforts，disclose all interactions with the industry，exercise transparency，stop receiving industry contributions，and ban their CSR activities."

　　The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is home to about 127 million smokers or 10 percent of the global smoking population.

　　Going against a multi-billion dollar industry is difficult enough. Having prominent members of society - including a president who unabashedly enjoys his nicotine fix and indirectly advertises smoking - makes the effort doubly hard. Enditem